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Moderna

APublicFounded 2010🇺🇸Cambridge, Massachusetts
CEO

Stéphane Bancel

Data verified as of Jul 18, 2026

Summary

Moderna is the pioneer and, with BioNTech, one of the two global leaders in messenger-RNA (mRNA) medicine. Founded in 2010 and incubated by Flagship Pioneering, it rose to prominence with Spikevax, its COVID-19 vaccine that reached full FDA approval in 2022 and drove roughly $18B of revenue at its 2022 peak. Moderna is now navigating a steep post-COVID transition: FY2025 revenue fell ~40% to $1.9B and it posted a $2.8B net loss, prompting ~$2.2B of annual cost cuts and a 10% workforce reduction. The company is rebuilding around a broader respiratory franchise — next-gen COVID vaccine mNEXSPIKE, RSV vaccine mRESVIA, and Europe's first flu+COVID combination mCOMBRIAX — while its highest-value bet is intismeran autogene (mRNA-4157/V940), an individualized neoantigen cancer therapy partnered with Merck that has shown durable five-year benefit in melanoma. With ~$7.5B in cash, ~40 development programs, and a targeted return to cash-flow breakeven in 2028, Moderna is a validated-platform leader working through significant near-term financial and execution headwinds.

Main Products

Spikevax

Spikevax

Active

Moderna's original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273), the product that validated mRNA vaccines at global scale. Now sold as a seasonal respiratory vaccine and the company's largest historical revenue driver.

Fully FDA-approved (2022) and marketed globally as a seasonal COVID-19 vaccine; increasingly complemented by the next-generation mNEXSPIKE.

First AuthorizedDec 2020 (EUA); full approval Jan 2022
PlatformmRNA

mRESVIA

Active

mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1345) against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) — the first mRNA vaccine approved for a disease other than COVID-19, and a key pillar of Moderna's expanding respiratory franchise.

FDA-approved May 2024 for older adults; EU label expanded to adults 18+ in 2026. Small but growing sales as Moderna builds a multi-product respiratory portfolio.

FDA ApprovalMay 2024
IndicationRSV (adults; EU 18+)

An individualized neoantigen cancer therapy, co-developed with Merck, that is custom-manufactured for each patient's tumor mutations and given with KEYTRUDA to train the immune system against the cancer. It is Moderna's highest-value pipeline asset.

Investigational. Phase 2b in resected high-risk melanoma showed a ~49% reduction in recurrence-or-death risk versus KEYTRUDA alone, sustained at five years. Phase 3 INTerpath-001 (adjuvant melanoma) is fully enrolled and Phase 3 lung-cancer trials are enrolling, across nine Phase 2/3 oncology studies.

Melanoma Phase 2b~49% lower recurrence/death risk (5-yr, with KEYTRUDA)
Lead Phase 3 ReadoutMelanoma (INTerpath-001), 2026–2027

What's Next

FDA decision on mRNA flu vaccine (mRNA-1010)

Await the FDA's decision on Moderna's standalone mRNA seasonal flu vaccine, expected around August 5, 2026 following a 9-0 favorable advisory-committee vote. Approval would add a fourth respiratory franchise product.

Aug 2026

Melanoma cancer-vaccine Phase 3 readout

Report pivotal Phase 3 INTerpath-001 data for intismeran autogene plus KEYTRUDA in adjuvant melanoma — the company's highest-value catalyst. Guidance points to 2026, though some analysts expect it may slip to 2027.

2026–2027

Norovirus vaccine Phase 3 interim analysis

Deliver an interim analysis of the fully enrolled Phase 3 norovirus vaccine trial (mRNA-1403), a potential first-in-class product in a large unmet-need indication.

2026

First rare-disease registrational data

Read out registrational data for the propionic acidemia program (mRNA-3927) — Moderna's first rare-disease readout — and begin the registrational study for methylmalonic acidemia (mRNA-3705).

2026

Reach cash-flow breakeven

Execute further cost discipline (~$1.5B of additional cuts) and grow the respiratory, oncology, and rare-disease franchises toward a targeted return to cash-flow breakeven in 2028.

2028

Recent News

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Operations & Revenue

StatusCommercial, pre-breakeven

Moderna is commercial with multiple approved products but remains loss-making as COVID revenue normalizes: FY2025 revenue was $1.9B against a $2.8B net loss, and Q1 2026 carried a $1.3B loss (worsened by an $878M litigation-settlement charge). The company holds ~$7.5B in cash, has cut ~$2.2B in annual operating expenses, and targets cash-flow breakeven in 2028 as its respiratory franchise broadens and oncology and rare-disease programs mature.

Revenue Streams

COVID-19 vaccines

Spikevax and next-generation mNEXSPIKE remain the dominant revenue source (the bulk of $1.8B FY2025 product sales), though sales are declining and increasingly seasonal and international.

RSV & combination vaccines

mRESVIA (RSV) is a small but growing franchise, with its EU label expanded to adults 18+, and mCOMBRIAX (flu+COVID combination) began generating European revenue in 2026.

Collaborations & grants

About $126M of FY2025 'other revenue' came from collaborations and grants, including Merck's ~50% cost-share on the intismeran cancer-vaccine program, licensing, and government funding.

Key Metrics

Employees

~4,800

Est. Annual Revenue

$1.9B (FY2025); guidance of up to ~10% growth in 2026

FY2025 Revenue

$1.9B (down ~40% YoY)

Cash & Investments

~$7.5B (Mar 31, 2026)

Market Cap

~$24–27B

Development Programs

~40 (incl. 9 Phase 2/3 oncology studies)

Approved Products

COVID (Spikevax, mNEXSPIKE), RSV (mRESVIA), flu+COVID combo (mCOMBRIAX, EU)

FY2025 R&D Spend

$3.13B

Cost Reductions

~$2.2B annual OpEx cut in 2025; breakeven targeted 2028

Timeline

2026European approvals for combo vaccine; $950M settlement

In Q1 2026 the EU approves mCOMBRIAX (flu+COVID combination), mNEXSPIKE, and an expanded mRESVIA label (adults 18+). Moderna also agrees to a ~$950M settlement of the Arbutus/Genevant lipid-nanoparticle patent litigation, with payment expected in Q3 2026.

2026Durable 5-year melanoma cancer-vaccine data at ASCO

At the June 2026 ASCO meeting, Moderna and Merck present five-year Phase 2b data for intismeran autogene (mRNA-4157) plus KEYTRUDA in high-risk resected melanoma, sustaining a ~49% reduction in recurrence-or-death risk versus KEYTRUDA alone.

2026FDA advisory committee backs mRNA flu vaccine 9-0

On June 18, 2026 an FDA advisory committee votes 9-0 that the benefits of Moderna's standalone mRNA seasonal flu vaccine (mRNA-1010) outweigh its risks in adults 50+, ahead of an August 2026 FDA decision. The vote drives a sharp stock rally.

2026First patient dosed in mRNA-4200 solid-tumor trial

On July 16, 2026 Moderna dosed the first U.S. participant in a Phase 1 trial of mRNA-4200, an off-the-shelf, tumor-targeted cancer antigen therapy given with checkpoint-inhibitor treatment in adults with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The candidate — Moderna's third off-the-shelf cancer antigen therapy, developed with Immatics — encodes seven antigens commonly shared across patients and tumor types to induce and expand T-cell responses. The open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation study is evaluating safety and tolerability, extending Moderna's oncology pipeline beyond the individualized intismeran autogene program.

2025mNEXSPIKE approved; deep cost cuts and layoffs

Next-generation, lower-dose COVID vaccine mNEXSPIKE (mRNA-1283) is approved. Facing a post-COVID revenue decline, Moderna cuts ~$2.2B of annual operating expenses and lays off ~10% of its workforce (500+ roles), targeting fewer than 5,000 employees.

2024mRESVIA (RSV vaccine) approved — second product

The FDA approves mRESVIA (mRNA-1345) for RSV in older adults in May 2024, making it Moderna's second commercial product and the first mRNA vaccine approved for a disease other than COVID-19.

2022Spikevax full FDA approval; revenue peaks

Spikevax receives full FDA approval in January 2022. COVID vaccine sales drive Moderna's revenue to a peak of more than $18B for the year.

2020COVID-19 vaccine receives FDA Emergency Use Authorization

mRNA-1273 (later Spikevax), developed with support from Operation Warp Speed (~$955M), receives FDA EUA on December 18, 2020 — Moderna's first product and the validation of mRNA vaccines at global scale.

2018Largest biotech IPO ever

Lists on NASDAQ under ticker MRNA in December 2018, raising ~$621M (27M shares at $23) — the largest biotech IPO to that point.

2015$450M Series E — then the largest private biotech round

Raises $450M in one of the largest private financings in biotech history, and forms a foundational oncology collaboration with Merck that later underpins the mRNA-4157/V940 cancer vaccine.

2013AstraZeneca partnership and DARPA grant

Signs a cardiometabolic and cancer partnership with AstraZeneca ($240M upfront) and receives a $25M DARPA grant, validating the platform with major backers before any product exists.

2011Stéphane Bancel becomes CEO

Bancel, previously CEO of diagnostics firm bioMérieux, takes the helm and begins building Moderna's mRNA platform. He remains CEO through 2026.

2010Founded as ModeRNA Therapeutics

Incubated by Flagship Pioneering in Cambridge, Massachusetts, around the idea of using messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce their own therapeutic proteins. Founding figures include Derrick Rossi, Robert Langer, Kenneth Chien, Timothy Springer, and Noubar Afeyan.

Funding

Cumulative disclosed raise · dated rounds

$2B$4B20142015201620172018$3.1B raised
RoundDateAmountInvestorsSource
Series E2015$450MFlagship Pioneering, crossover institutional investors
Late-stage private rounds2016–2017~$1B+Flagship Pioneering, Gates Foundation, sovereign and institutional investors
IPO (NASDAQ: MRNA)2018$621MPublic markets
Non-dilutive (government & foundations)2013–2021~$1B+DARPA, BARDA/Operation Warp Speed (~$955M), CEPI, Gates Foundation